We released this integration last summer after closely working with Microsoft to ensure that we built it according to their best practices. This means that we leverage WS-Fed and WS-Trust instead of just SAML for authentication. This allows us to fully support the many session types and other Microsoft features as they make changes to them.
On top of that all, it allows you to take advantage of the many other Duo SSO features, such as end-user expired password resets and our Passwordless SSO on top of just removing the need for the on-prem web server.
Sorry for the late reply turns out I just was not patient enough to wait for the DNS to propagate throughout the outside networks. After waiting a while it worked just fine.